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AU - Lindberg, D. A. B. ED - Kingsland, L. W. PY - 1989 DA - 1989// TI - Building the Unified Medical Language System BT - 13th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care PB - DC CY - Washington ID - Humphreys1989 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lindberg, D. A. B. AU - Humphreys, B. L. AU - McCray, A. T. PY - 1993 DA - 1993// TI - The Unified Medical Language System JO - Methods of Information in Medicine VL - 32 ID - Lindberg1993 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCray, A. T. AU - Miller, R. A. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Making the conceptual connections: the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) after a decade of research and development JO - J Am Med Inform Assoc VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050129 DO - 10.1136/jamia.1998.0050129 ID - McCray1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perl, Y. AU - Geller, J. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Research on structural issues of the UMLS–past, present, and future JO - J Biomed Inform VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2003.11.005 DO - 10.1016/j.jbi.2003.11.005 ID - Perl2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schuyler, P. L. AU - Hole, W. T. AU - Tuttle, M. S. AU - Sherertz, D. D. PY - 1993 DA - 1993// TI - The UMLS Metathesaurus: Representing different views of biomedical concepts JO - Bull Med Libr Assoc VL - 81 ID - Schuyler1993 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Tuttle, M. S. AU - Sherertz, D. D. AU - Erlbaum, M. S. AU - Olson, N. E. AU - Nelson, S. J. PY - 1989 DA - 1989// BT - Implementing META-1, the first version of the UMLS Metathesaurus, 13th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care PB - Washington CY - DC ID - Tuttle1989 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Tuttle, M. S. AU - Sherertz, D. D. AU - Erlbaum, M. S. PY - 1991 DA - 1991// BT - Adding your terms and relationships to the UMLS Metathesaurus, 15th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care PB - Washington CY - DC ID - Tuttle1991 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Tuttle, M. S. AU - Sherertz, D. D. AU - Olson, N. E. AU - Erlbaum, M. S. AU - Sperzel, W. D. AU - Fuller, L. F. PY - 1990 DA - 1990// BT - Using META-1, the first version of the UMLS Metathesaurus, 14th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care PB - Los Alamitos CY - CA ID - Tuttle1990 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cohen, B. AU - Chen, Y. AU - Perl, Y. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Updating the genomic component of the UMLS Semantic Network PB - Chicago CY - IL ID - Cohen2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lomax, J. AU - McCray, A. T. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Mapping the gene ontology into the unified medical language system JO - Comp Funct Genomics VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/cfg.407 DO - 10.1002/cfg.407 ID - Lomax2004 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Yu, H. AU - Friedman, C. 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PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Representing the UMLS as an object-oriented database: modeling issues and advantages JO - J Am Med Inform Assoc VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066 DO - 10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066 ID - Gu2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, L. AU - Halper, M. AU - Perl, Y. AU - Geller, J. AU - Cimino, J. J. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Relationship structures and semantic type assignments of the UMLS Enriched Semantic Network JO - J Am Med Inform Assoc VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1605 DO - 10.1197/jamia.M1605 ID - Zhang2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhang, L. AU - Perl, Y. AU - Halper, M. AU - Geller, J. AU - Cimino, J. J. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - An enriched Unified Medical Language System semantic network with a multiple subsumption hierarchy JO - J Am Med Inform Assoc VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1269 DO - 10.1197/jamia.M1269 ID - Zhang2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perl, Y. AU - Chen, Z. AU - Halper, M. AU - Geller, J. AU - Zhang, L. AU - Peng, Y. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - The cohesive metaschema: a higher-level abstraction of the UMLS Semantic Network JO - J Biomed Inform VL - 35 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0464(02)00528-2 DO - 10.1016/S1532-0464(02)00528-2 ID - Perl2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCray, A. T. AU - Burgun, A. AU - Bodenreider, O. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - Aggregating UMLS semantic types for reducing conceptual complexity JO - Stud Health Technol Inform VL - 84 ID - McCray2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, L. AU - Morrey, C. P. AU - Gu, H. AU - Halper, M. AU - Perl, Y. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Modeling multi-typed structurally viewed chemicals with the UMLS Refined Semantic Network JO - J Am Med Inform Assoc VL - 16 UR - https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2604 DO - 10.1197/jamia.M2604 ID - Chen2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Degtyarenko, K. AU - de Matos, P. AU - Ennis, M. AU - Hastings, J. AU - Zbinden, M. AU - McNaught, A. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest JO - Nucleic Acids Research VL - 36 ID - Degtyarenko2008 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Adams, N. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Semantic Chemistry ID - Adams2009 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gu, H. H. AU - Hripcsak, G. AU - Chen, Y. AU - Morrey, C. P. AU - Elhanan, G. AU - Cimino, J. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Evaluation of a UMLS auditing process of semantic type assignments PB - AMIA Annu Symp Proc CY - Chicago, IL ID - Gu2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gu, H. AU - Perl, Y. AU - Elhanan, G. AU - Min, H. AU - Zhang, J. AU - Peng, S. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Auditing concept categorizations in the UMLS JO - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine VL - 31 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2004.02.002 DO - 10.1016/j.artmed.2004.02.002 ID - Gu2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alcántara, R. AU - Axelsen, K. B. AU - Morgat, A. AU - Belda, E. AU - Coudert, E. AU - Bridge, A. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Rhea--a manually curated resource of biochemical reactions JO - Nucleic Acids Res VL - 40 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr1126 DO - 10.1093/nar/gkr1126 ID - Alcántara2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Askenazi, M. AU - Linial, M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - ARISTO: ontological classification of small molecules by electron ionization-mass spectrometry JO - Nucleic Acids Res VL - 39 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr403 DO - 10.1093/nar/gkr403 ID - Askenazi2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hettne, K. M. AU - Stierum, R. H. AU - Schuemie, M. J. AU - Hendriksen, P. J. AU - Schijvenaars, B. J. AU - Mulligen, E. M. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - A dictionary to identify small molecules and drugs in free text JO - Bioinformatics VL - 25 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp535 DO - 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp535 ID - Hettne2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosenbloom, S. T. AU - Miller, R. A. AU - Johnson, K. B. AU - Elkin, P. L. AU - Brown, S. H. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - A model for evaluating interface terminologies JO - J Am Med Inform Assoc VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2506 DO - 10.1197/jamia.M2506 ID - Rosenbloom2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bodenreider, O. AU - McCray, A. T. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Exploring semantic groups through visual approaches JO - J Biomed Inform VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2003.11.002 DO - 10.1016/j.jbi.2003.11.002 ID - Bodenreider2003 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Batchelor, C. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - An upper-level ontology for chemistry. Formal Ontology in Information Systems BT - Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference PB - IOS Press CY - Saarbrücken, Germany ID - Batchelor2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, B. AU - Ceusters, W. AU - Klagges, B. AU - Kohler, J. AU - Kumar, A. AU - Lomax, J. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Relations in biomedical ontologies JO - Genome Biol VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-5-r46 DO - 10.1186/gb-2005-6-5-r46 ID - Smith2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grenon, P. AU - Smith, B. AU - Goldberg, L. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Biodynamic ontology: applying BFO in the biomedical domain JO - Stud Health Technol Inform VL - 102 ID - Grenon2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beiβwanger, E. AU - Schulz, S. AU - Stenzhorn, H. AU - Hahn, U. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - BioTop: An Upper Domain Ontology for the Life Sciences - A Description of its Current Structure, Contents, and Interfaces to OBO Ontologies JO - Applied Ontology VL - 3 ID - Beiβwanger2008 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Kim, J. -. D. AU - Ohta, T. AU - Teteisi, Y. AU - Tsujii, J. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - GENIA ontology. Technical Report (TR-NLP-UT-2006-2) PB - Tsujii Laboratory CY - University of Tokyo ID - Kim2006 ER -