Fig. 3

TMAP visualization of ChEMBL, FDB17, DSSTox, and the Natural Products Atlas in the MHFP6 chemical space. Please use the interactive versions at https://tmap.gdb.tools to visualize molecular structures associated with each point. a Visualization of all ChEMBL compounds associated with biological assay data (\(n = 1,159,881\)) colored by target class. The inset shows molecules with a high binding affinity for serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurotransmitters (cyan); inhibitors of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (orange); and structurally related compounds with high binding affinities for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and inhibitory effects on cytochrome p450s (red, dark blue). b The ChEMBL data set was merged with fragment database (FDB17) compounds (\(n = 11,261,085\)) and visualized. FDB17 molecules are shown in light gray. The inset shows a branch of steroid and steroid-like ChEMBL compounds, as well as dominantly FDB17 branches which are sparsely populated by ChEMBL molecules. c Visualization of DSSTox compounds colored by reported toxicity level. The inset shows a subtree containing a high number of toxic compounds structurally similar or related to naphthalenes and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. d The Natural Products Atlas chemical space colored by origin genus of the 9 largest groups. The inset shows that structurally similar compounds are grouped into distinct branches and subbranches and are usually produced by plants and fungi from the same genus