Fig. 4

a Illustration (no real data) of the target-phenotype predictor. ADE Adverse Drug Effect, EF Enrichment Factor, TP True Positives, FP False Positives, FN False Negatives, TN True Negatives. b Validation of the target-adverse effect predictor using two external reference standards of known target-adverse effect associations: a database generated by Kuhn et al. [40] extracted from the literature and manually reviewed, and a set of the associations extracted from DART database. A higher proportion of the target-adverse effect associations in the two reference standards have q-values lower than 0.05 compared to the model background