Fig. 4

Boxplots of the three PV activities (J _SC , Voc, and IQE). a–c The three PV activities distribution for the \(TiO_{2} |Cu_{2} O\) library (with Ag and Ag|Cu back contacts). d–f The three PV activities distribution for the \(TiO_{2} \left| {Co_{3} O_{4} } \right|MoO_{3}\) library. The boxplots show the median values (solid horizontal line), 50th percentile values (box outline), the lower and upper quartile (whiskers, vertical lines), and outlier values (open circles)