Analysis of metabolites in human gut: illuminating the design of gut-targeted drugs

Table 2 Set of gut-acting drugs

Name	Chemical class	Indication	Mode of action
Acarbose	Organic oxygen compounds	Type 2 diabetes	α-glucosidase and α-amilase inhibitor
Nystatin	Organic oxygen compounds	Antifugal	Channel-forming ionophore
Ezetimibe	Organoheterocyclic compounds	Hypercholesterolemia	NPC1L1 cholesterol transporter inhibitor
Orlistat	Organic acids and derivatives	Obesity	Lipase inhibitor
Paromomycin	Organic oxygen compounds	Antibiotic, antiamoebic	Ribosome inhibitor
Kanamycin	Organic oxygen compound	Antibiotic	Ribosome inhibitor
Neomycin	Organic oxygen compounds	Antibiotic	Ribosome inhibition
Vancomycin	Organic acids and derivatives	Antibiotic	Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor (transpeptidase)
Mebendazole	Benzenoids	Antihelmintic	Inhibition of tubulin polymerization
Albendazole	Organoheterocyclic compounds	Antihelmintic	Inhibition of tubulin polymerization
Pyrantel	Organoheterocyclic compounds	Antihelmintic	Cholinesterase inhibition
Niclosamide	Benzenoids	Antihelmintic	Uncoupling of oxydative phosphorilation

Data derived from DrugBank. Drugs were selected if they had a low or null bioavailability, together with a well-defined human or bacterial target (protein or ribonucleoprotein) located in the intestine. Drugs acting through non-specific physicochemical mechanisms (osmotic laxatives, surfactants, ion exchange resins, etc.), or with high bioavailability, were discarded

ISSN: 1758-2946